The constitution download french colony of saint domingue

Shortly before the haitian revolution, saint domingue produced roughly 40 percent of the sugar and 60 percent of the. In the treaty of ryswick of 1697, spain formally recognized french control of tortuga island and the western third of the. Napoleon bonaparte had sent leclerc both fought in the french revolution to saintdomingue to reassert french power over the island after its antislavery and anticolonial insurgents drafted their own constitution in 1801. Saint domingue, located in the caribbean sea, was a french colony from 1697 to 1804 and is today the independent nation of haiti. Their caribbean holding was filled with plantations. May 05, 2016 the creoles in saintdomingue may 5, 2016 by bdegail in historical background notes. Jan 01, 20 haiti was not yet born when toussaint louverture wrote his 1801 constitution as governorgeneral of the french colony of saintdomingue. Toussaint louverture holds a printed copy of the haitian constitution of 1801. Haiti was once the french colony of saintdomingue, the wealthiest, most. When the slaves and free coloureds of saint domingue rebelled in the autumn of 1791, jamaican society faced the greatest challenge of its history. However, louverture was not to explicitly declare saint domingue s independence, acknowledging in article 1 that it was a single colony of the french empire. The united states and the haitian revolution, 17911804. The french revolution begins brown university library.

However, before they arrived in saint domingue, the parisian insurrection of august 10 1793 overthrew the monarchy and drove out the representatives of the slaveowning bourgeois. Newberry digital exhibitions revolutionary france and. He won military victories over the french colonial forces and then negotiated an arrangement under which the colony became selfgoverning as a french protectorate. How did the french revolution affect the french colony of.

Sarah benharrechs course riots, rebellions and revolutions, taught in fall 2015. How did the french revolution affect the french colony of saintdomingue and haiti see answers 2 ask for details. The british government and the saint domingue slave revolt. But most hundreds of them came from the american colonies. In 1801, and without consulting napoleon, toussaint put in place a new constitution for saint domingue. Refers to the colony of saint domingue, the seat of cities and neighboring islands, subject to french rule.

Laws of the french colony of saintdomingue world digital. The creoles in saintdomingue may 5, 2016 by bdegail in historical background notes. The focus of this website is the french colony of saintdomingue, which was located on the western third of the island of hispaniola. One year after its adoption, french forces deported louverture back to france, where he died in 1803. Sendomeng is the name given to the french colonial portion of hispaniola 1 prior to 1804. Mar 25, 20 the constitution of saint domingue haiti was signed in 1801 by governorgeneral for life toussaint louverture, the ruler of hispaniola before haiti became a republic. This colony was situated near presentday matagorda bay, texas.

He, with equally good reason, suspected that napoleon, who was by then in power in france, planned to restore slavery. Sent 20,000 troops to invade saintdomingue and retake the colony. Louvertures friend, the french colonel vincent, who had been stationed in saint domingue. Each plantation is a factory that requires the union of cultivators and. In 1605, the spanish inhabitants of the sparselysettled western part of the island were ordered to relocate to the eastern end, closer. Our rare books, maps and newspapers tell the story of the founding of the french colony of saint domingue once the most lucrative colony in the americas, its demise through the haitian revolution the. Another origin of african american literature michael j. How did the french revolution affect the french colony of saint domingue, or haiti. Saintdomingue was located in the caribbean on the island of hispaniola, alongside spains colony of santo domingo presentday dominican republic. How did these ideas influence politics in the french. Constitution of the french colony of saintdomingue, pg. Overview of saint domingue curriculum for curious minds. Before the slave rebellion of 1791, the french colony of saintdomingue shared the status of top sugar exporter in the world with jamaica. Apart from the charges against lesens, this report chronicles portions of the middle passage where captives were transported as slaves to various trading posts only to finally land in the colony of saintdomingue.

Bonaparte thought it was a hostile move and an insult to france. Constitution of the french colony of saint domingue, pg. Apr 18, 2005 the french government sent a military expedition, lead by general sonthonax, to reestablish order on the island. Like other new world colonies, saintdomingues brutal slave plantations generated vast wealth for the grand blancs, a tiny white oligopoly which was massively outnumbered by its black servile chattel. General whytes proclamation to the people of saint. In the 15th century between 100,000 and several million. In 1789 the french colony of saint domingue was the wealthiest and most flourishing of the caribbean slave colonies, its economy based on the forced labor of more than half a million black slaves raided from their african homelands. The french were established on the western portion of the hispaniola and tortuga islands in 1659. Abolition of slavery became a large topic of debate within the new government and among the public. The british government and the saint domingue slave revolt, 179i1793 during the first five years of the french revolutionary war, the government of william pitt and henry dundas sent some 15,000 soldiers to their deaths in the french colony of saint domingue and spent close on ten million pounds trying to conquer what till then. Prior to gaining its independence in 1804, haiti was the french colony of saintdomingue. The spelling domingue is a surname and a former french colony saintdomingue on hispaniola. The same day as this proclamation, bonaparte issued a decree saying that the words remember, brave blacks, that the french people alone recognize your freedom and the equality of your rights should be inscribed in gold letters on all the flags of the battalions of the national guard of the colony of saint domingue.

Expectations of full and equal citizenship rose among the free blacks and mulattos and slaves in the. B etween 1791 and 1804 the saintdomingue revolution in the west indies led to the abolition of slavery in the former french colony and the establishment of haiti, the second independent republic in the western hemisphere and the first western nation governed by persons of african descent. Saintdomingue was a french colony on the caribbean island of hispaniola from 1659 to 1804. Exploring the genealogy and history of the french colony of saintdomingue 1664 1804 when i started doing saintdomingue genealogy fifteen years ago, i had no idea of the roads down which it would take me, the friends id make, the distant cousins id meet, the places id visit. Constitution of saintdomingue wikisource, the free. The representatives of the colony of saintdomingue, gathered in central assembly, have arrested and established the constitutional bases of the regime of the french colony of saintdomingue as follows. Art 1 the entire extent of saint domingue, and samana, tortuga, gonave, the cayemites, ileavache, the saone and other adjacent islands, form the territory of one colony, that is part of the french empire, but is subject to particular laws art 2 the territory of this colony is divided into departments, arrondisements, and parishes. The french national assembly accepts a petition of rights for free citizens of color from saintdomingue. The saintdomingue revolt and war of independence weapons. The haitian revolution plays out in both paintings or stories. The saintdomingue constitution of 1801 also referred to as. Laws of the french colony of saintdomingue world digital library. The constitution of saintdomingue haiti was signed in 1801 by governorgeneral for life toussaint louverture, the ruler of hispaniola before haiti became a republic. Toussaint louverture in power brown university library.

John d garrigus this volume details the first slave rebellion to have a successful outcome, leading to the establishment of haiti as a free black republic and paving the way for the emancipation of slaves in the. There cannot exist slaves in saint domingue, servitude is therein forever abolished. Here are the possible words using either a g or a q. Saintdomingue was a french colony on the caribbean island of hispaniola from 1659 to 1804, in what is now haiti. Bonaparte sends a new commission to saintdomingue to confirm louvertures power in the colony and instate frances most recent constitution. In 1791, the slaves and some free people of color of saintdomingue began waging a rebellion against french authority. First, during the eighteenth century french merchant capital transformed saintdomingue into an exportoriented economy and played an important role in the accumulation of capital in france. With good reason, the french government suspected toussaint of trying to make the colony independent. The john carter brown library holds one of the worlds great collections relating to haiti. Louverture would be governor general for life of saintdomingue. Slave insurrections continued through the midcentury. Set in the caribbean sea, a short sail from some of the principal american colonies of britain and spain, in the 1780s it produced about half of all the sugar and coffee consumed in europe and the americas. The creation of saintdomingue i n order to understand the haitian revolution, it is important to understand the french colony of saintdomingue. Columbus discovered the island in 1492, and immediately began to colonize it in the name of spain.

The assembly was made up of three mulattoes and seven whites, and the constitution. In march representatives from all of saintdomingues departments were elected to the assembly, which completed the constitution in may. This revolt has often been described as the largest and most successful slave revolt in the western hemisphere. Haitian revolution 1791 1804 slave revolt in the french. Our rare books, maps and newspapers tell the story of the founding of the french colony of saint domingue once the most lucrative colony in the americas, its demise through the haitian revolution the worlds only successful slave revolution and the founding of haiti in its place. The haitian revolution was a slave revolt in the french colony of saint domingue.

While the french colony of saint domingue was transformed in a way few societies have ever been, jamaica remained seemingly untouched by the conflagration that consumed its neighbour. For saint domingue after the haitian revolution, see the entry. Haitian revolution and certainly the largest left by a man who had spent more than half his life as a slave in the french colony. Louverture did not live to see haiti achieve independence, which the nation declared in 1804. Jamaica and the saint domingue slave revolt, 17911793 1. Saintdomingue french colony, west indies britannica. In 1790, two years after the french revolution began, saintdomingues mulattoes staged a revolt that government troops quickly quashed. The island was initially claimed by spain, which later ceded the western third of the island to france. It inspired the haitian people to mount their own rebellion for independence. List 5 key elements of the 1801 saintdomingue constitution. In the treaty of ryswick, spain formally recognized french control of tortuga island and the western third of the island of hispaniola and in 1795 the whole. See also the french version of this document the saintdomingue constitution of 1801 also referred to as toussaint louvertures constitution was promulgated on july 8th, 1801 by the governor general toussaint louverture, who sent a letter to napoleon on the 1801 constitution accompanying this document. Constitution of saintdomingue wikisource, the free online.

These produced mountains of sugar and coffee, luxury goods that sold for high prices in the growing european and american markets. The arawak and other indigenous peoples later developed large communities there. Pdf the haitian revolution in atlantic perspective. Tensions from france influence the french colony of saint domingue and mix with. The constitution says that slavery is outlawed and that all men are equal, regardless of color.

French merchant capital and slavery in saintdomingue. The representatives of the colony of saint domingue, gathered in central assembly, have arrested and established the constitutional bases of the regime of the french colony of saint domingue as follows title i of the territory. Haiti was not yet born when toussaint louverture wrote his 1801 constitution as governorgeneral of the french colony of saintdomingue. Saint dominguan refugees in charleston, south carolina. But the following year, an act of the french national assembly extended citizenship to a large proportion of the colonys mulatto population and, in addition, it began debating whether slavery should be. Since the colony is essentially agricultural, it cannot be allowed to suffer even the slightest interruption in the work of cultivation. As accounts indicate, slave revolts in the colony of santo domingo anticipated saintdomingues uprisings by some 267 years. It says that all men are equal, along with some other colony regulations. Colonial governors of saintdomingue haiti this project is for the list of colonial governors of saintdomingue haiti. Haitianrevolutionassessment name date period haitian. As a result of the increasing prosperity and potential of the small island, the capital was moved to the port tow portau. The constitution you made, while including many good things, contains some that are contrary to the dignity and sovereignty of the french people, of which saintdominigue forms only a portion. In 1541, spain authorized the construction of santo domingos fortified wall.

Most of you know a bit about the pirates on the island of latortue. The colony was the richest and most productive at the time. Haiti, free soil, and antislavery in the revolutionary. Proclamation on saintdomingue by toussaint louverture 1799. The liberal revolution during the liberal revolution, from 1789 to 1792, conflict arises between the king and his subjects. Drexler and ed white in the summer of 1801, toussaint louverture, the rebel leader of the slave revolt on the french colony of saintdomingue, promulgated a constitution that signaled the quasiindependence of the island. I n the late eighteenth century, the french colony of saint domingue was the richest colony in the world. The french government sent a military expedition, lead by general sonthonax, to reestablish order on the island. There would have been even more, but hanson was asking the acadians for large sums of money to book their passage, even though the saint domingue government had already reimbursed him for the cost of the trip. French merchant capital and slavery in saintdomingue by alex dupuy this article argues three points.

He passed a new constitution declaring that the colonies would be subject to special. Prior to its independence, haiti was a french colony known as st. Apr 15, 2014 at the outbreak of the french revolution, blanchelande was the governor of the caribbean sugar colony of saintdomingue. Jeanjacques dessalines declared saint domingue an independent nation on january 1st, 1804.

Brigadier general john whyte, the commandant of the british forces in saintdomingue at the time, issues a proclamation on june 8, 1794 claiming british sovereignty over the colony, after toussaint louverture had made an alliance in order to advance his fight for the freedom of the slaves in saintdomingue. Apart from the charges against lesens, this report chronicles portions of the middle passage where captives were transported as slaves to various trading posts only to finally land in the colony of saint domingue. The new constitution proclaims that french colonies are to be governed by a set of special laws that take into the account the particularities of each territory. Domingue into independent haiti produced the greatest. He then changed the colonys name to an arawak name. The island that now includes haiti and the dominican republic was first inhabited about 5000 bce, and farming villages were established about 300 bce. Constitution of 1801 by haiti 1801 marxists internet archive. The circumstances in which you found yourself, surrounded on all sides by enemies without the metropole being able to either assist or revictual you. Refers to the colony of saintdomingue, the seat of cities and neighboring islands, subject to french rule. By the 1540s, the caribbean sea had become overrun with french pirates. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sent 20,000 troops to invade saint domingue and retake the colony.

There cannot exist slaves in saintdomingue, servitude is therein forever abolished. Under french rule, saint domingue grew to be the wealthiest colony in the french empire and, perhaps, the richest colony in the world. B etween 1791 and 1804 the saintdomingue revolution in the west indies led to the abolition of slavery in the former french colony and the establishment of haiti, the second independent republic in the western hemisphere and the first western nation governed by persons of. Since 1659, saintdomingue now the republic of haiti, was a french colony, recognized by spain on september 20, 1697. Saintdomingue was a french colony on the caribbean island of hispaniola from 1659 to 1809. For saintdomingue after the haitian revolution, see the. Constitution of the french colony of saint domingue 1801 the constitution basically tells the laborers on these estates that they have to remain there, even though slaves are now free. He even suggested that the former french colony of canada might best be offered a version of the french constitution. Some acadians traveled to saint domingue from france in 176364. It caused the haitian people to ally with england to conquer the french republic.

From september 20, 1793 to october 1798 parts of the island were under british occupation. On the eve of the french revolution, saint domingue was the most profitable territory in the french empire. Residents of the french colony of saint domingue modern day haiti responded quickly to the revolution in france. Under french rule, saintdomingue grew to be the wealthiest colony in the french empire and, perhaps, the richest colony in the world. However, louverture was not to explicitly declare saintdomingues independence, acknowledging in article 1 that it was a single colony of the french empire. Beginning in 1791, a massive slave revolt sparked a general insurrection against the plantation system and french colonial power. First there was the saintdomingue special interest group. They led them into battle against the french at vertieres in november 1803 and defeated them, thus ending the war between saint domingue and france. Saintdomingue, located in the caribbean sea, was a french colony from 1697 to 1804 and is today the independent nation of haiti note. Saintdomingue and napoleons environmental imagination. This work is the result from a research assignment given to university of maryland undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in dr.